Glucose is an essential requirement of the body since it’s used to provide an instant energy source. It is mainly obtained through consumption of carbohydrates. These carbohydrates are then converted to glucose through digestion.
Glucose is also obtained from the liver, where it’s usually stored. Storage of glucose in the liver is a form of ensuring that the body has a constant supply of glucose even when you have not eaten.
However, this glucose is only needed in a useful amount in the body. When it is in excess, a person is then diagnosed with Diabetes. This is harmful to the body and can cause serious complications. It can damage the kidney, nerves, and eyes. It can also cause stroke and heart disease.
Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. Its purpose is to allow glucose to enter into body cells so that it can be used to produce energy which is very important for normal body functioning. Insulin also controls the release of glucose from the liver into the blood, depending on the glucose levels in the body.
Having glucose levels higher than the normal amount is usually either because your pancreas does not produce insulin, or the insulin is not enough to help the glucose present in the body to enter into the body cells. It can also be due to the insulin not functioning properly. This brings about different types of Diabetes.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
This type of Diabetes is caused by the body not producing insulin. This is due to the destruction of Beta cells in the pancreas.
It mostly appears in childhood or adolescent ages, but it can also appear in adult age. Unlike type 2 diabetes, this type of diabetes cannot be prevented. However, it is not common and can be accounted for only 10% of Diabetes cases.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the produced insulin is not enough to move glucose to the body cells, or when the insulin is not efficient in helping move the glucose.
This type of diabetes is commonly diagnosed in adults but can also be found in young people. It is also more likely to occur in people that are overweight or physically inactive. Being overweight makes the body resistant to insulin or makes the pancreas sluggish in the production of insulin.
This leads to high amounts of glucose in the blood.
Gestational diabetes
This is a type of diabetes that is only found in pregnant women. Pregnant women can have a lot of glucose in their body. This is because they may not be able to produce the amount of insulin required by their body. During pregnancy, insulin is usually required approximately three times more than without pregnancy.
This type of diabetes is not permanent and usually disappears after pregnancy. However, it increases the chances of getting type 2 diabetes in the future. Women who have had it are therefore advised to have annual blood sugar tests carried out.
The signs of getting diabetes can be so mild that you can’t notice them. This is especially in cases of type 2 diabetes.
Some common symptoms of diabetes include:
Hunger and fatigue
Peeing more often
Excessive thirst
Lack of energy
Weight loss
Skin problems
Blurred vision
If you happen to have some of these symptoms, you may need to get tested.
Causes of Type 1 diabetes
Autoimmune destruction is the cause of the destruction of beta cells that are responsible for the production of insulin in the pancreas. This happens when the immune system of your body mistakes the beta cells in your pancreas as harmful.
It, therefore, attacks them and destroys them such that they can’t continue producing insulin.
Causes of type 2 diabetes
The major cause of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance. This is where your body does utilize the insulin produced as well as it should. Since insulin is used to move glucose from the bloodstream to the cells for energy production, glucose builds up in the blood. This condition has two major causes; Genetics and lifestyle.
Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 can’t be directly inherited. However, having it in your family increases the chances of suffering from the condition.
Lifestyle plays a key role in getting type 2 diabetes.
Some of the lifestyles that affect the development of this type of diabetes include:
Apart from insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes can also be caused by the pancreas producing insulin amounts that are not enough.
This will also lead to build-up of sugar in the blood. Research is still ongoing to determine the factors that cause this situation.
The treatment of diabetes depends on the type of diabetes and its severity, Type 2 diabetes is treated with exercises, weight reduction, and an appropriate diet.
If the above regime is followed strictly, the body can easily prevent itself from progressing further to Type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is very dangerous for the body, there are certain serious risk factors associated with the disease. These include the lowering of the bodies ability to repair muscle tissue and cartilage in the body, along with a lowering of the ability to heal bone damage / breaks. Keeping your blood sugars completely under control, and eliminating sugar as much as possible from the diet is required to minimize these symptoms to a manageable degree.
Further issues with type 1 diabetes are the risk of developing nerve damage due to poor circulation in the body, mainly around extremities such as the hands and feet. Keeping these areas warm, and also ensuring they retain proper circulation is vital to prevent nerve and tissue damage.
Often if not managed correctly, the bodies extremities can develop gangrene, in which the fingers or toes effectively can not maintain circulation and begin to die, causing the toes to require amputation.
While controlling blood sugar and limiting excessive sugar intake is essential for people with all types of diabetes, so too is maintaining proper exercise. These 3 key areas provide the most important way to prevent the risk of gangrene; there is also hosiery available to protect the feet, known as diabetics socks, which can assist to promote further circulation to the feet and toes.
Type 2 diabetes can often be reversed within the first 2 years by eliminating sugar from the diet as much as possible. Starvation diets of 600 – 700 calories a day have shown to reverse type 2 diabetes in around 40% of people over the course of 8 weeks when followed up also with a weight loss focused diet for a further 12 months. Type 2 diabetes begins due to an increase of fat in the pancreas, which can often be reversed, or at least improved, by strict diet changes to promote fat loss.
Often if sugar is kept in the diet it is not possible to trigger the fat metabolism response required, hence a switch to either a 600 – 700 calories a day diet consisting of low sugars, or a sugar free diet, while additionally trimming extra fat trimming off most meats can usually result in enough fat loss on the pancreas to reduce or eliminate the severity of type 2 diabetes symptoms and blood sugar problems.
In order to reduce the chances of being diagnosed with diabetes, you should consider the following tips;
Getting more physical activity and losing extra weight
Regular exercises help you lose weight, lower blood sugar level and increase sensitivity to insulin. Reducing your body weight will also reduce the risk of being diagnosed with diabetes.
Consuming more fiber and whole grains
This will help you improve your body’s blood sugar control and also lower your risk of getting a heart disease
Have a proper diet plan
This will make sure your body gets all its required nutrients and in healthy proportions. Eating healthy is always a major factor in preventing most diseases.
It is always advisable to see your doctor once a year to carry out blood sugar tests. This will help you stay healthy and free from diabetes if detected early, most cases of diabetes can be reversed in part or whole via diet change.
Introduction to and prevention of Diabetes
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