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20 Temmuz 2014 Pazar

A proof of idea for an HIV cure exists. Now even our setbacks are beneficial | Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Sharon Lewin

It was a sad and disappointing turn of events: the kid known as the Mississippi child, in remission of HIV infection for much more than two many years right after discontinuation of antiretroviral treatment (Art), now has clear evidence of HIV rebound. The announcement will undoubtedly be viewed by some as a setback in the renewed quest for an HIV cure.


It doesn’t want to be. We require to take the highs and lows in our stride. We have a proof of idea that a cure for HIV is attainable in the Berlin Patient, Timothy Brown, who acquired a bone marrow transplant and remains virus free off therapy for more than six years.


We also have the situation of the French Visconti cohort, now comprising twenty HIV-positive men and women who have been taken care of very early with HIV medication, but then stopped treatment. Right after virtually ten many years off therapy, they are keeping the virus under tight manage.


Only one person, who is now in remission for a non Aids-connected cancer, reinitiated Artwork despite his HIV infection even now currently being controlled at the time that he obtained anti-cancer therapy.


The lows – if the Mississippi infant case can be called a reduced – provide main insights into the scientific problems that lie ahead for the researchers, scientists and others gathering at the Aids 2014 symposium in Melbourne this week.


Comparable to the Mississippi infant, the Boston patients – two guys who received bone marrow transplants that appeared to rid them fully of HIV – also relapsed, and are now back on antiretroviral treatment.


What has been most encouraging for all three sufferers was that the time the virus stayed beneath management off remedy, or in remission, was drastically longer than what we have ever witnessed before. The Boston patients were virus-free of charge for 12 and 32 weeks, and the Mississippi infant virus-totally free for a impressive 27 months.


Nevertheless, as we have discovered above the past 3 decades, HIV has many tricks up its sleeve.


An minute sum of virus – which none of our present exams are even shut to detecting – was capable to persist in these 3 patients and reappear at any time, with absolutely no warning.


The Mississippi baby, and the Boston sufferers, tell us that to attain extended phrase HIV remission we will likely need to have to tackle the difficulty on multiple fronts – lowering as much as attainable the quantity of extended-lived, latently contaminated cells existing in the entire body, as effectively as bolstering the host defence. 1 can not be carried out without the other.


We have usually known that the search for an HIV remedy wasn’t going to be easy. We have to be optimistic, and hope that situations like the Mississippi infant will demonstrate to be one more piece in the jigsaw puzzle that is an HIV remedy.


To attain this objective will need substantial academic collaboration as nicely as public-private partnerships that can drive innovative and effectively-funded strategic research over the prolonged term.


We have to proceed the search for an HIV remedy. We owe it to the 35m men and women living with HIV.



A proof of idea for an HIV cure exists. Now even our setbacks are beneficial | Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Sharon Lewin

14 Temmuz 2014 Pazartesi

Bariatric surgical procedure is no cure-all for obesity I know, simply because I have had it | Sharon Bates

Full English fried breakfast

‘What issues would bariatric surgical procedure expansion solve? Will it tackle the social and cultural issue of readily available, comparatively low cost food?’ Photograph: Chris Radburn/PA




I am probably one of the few individuals in the United kingdom who is each a extended-phrase bariatric patient and a skilled specialising in the discipline of fat-loss surgical procedure. Fourteen many years in the past, when I was a dimension 32, function and everyday tasks – even getting in and out of the bath – proved challenging. I developed avoidance tactics to minimise bodily discomfort and the resultant sweating, soreness or breathlessness. Supermarket purchasing meant parking as near to an entrance as attainable, and often employing a trolley, basically so I could lean on it. I had sores from my flesh rubbing collectively in the summer time, and at the time I had excess weight-reduction surgical procedure, in 2000, buying outfits online was not an choice, so my selections had been severely constrained.


Last week, new NHS draft tips suggested gastric bands and other bariatric surgical treatment could be made offered to 800,000 further people to aid address the escalating problem of sort two diabetes. This is linked with becoming overweight, and the National Institute for Well being and Care Excellence (Great) has proposed lowering the threshold for bariatric surgical procedure. This would suggest that sort 2 diabetics with a BMI of 30, rather than 35, would potentially be eligible.


Possessing misplaced fat via bariatric surgical procedure, you may anticipate me to be in favour of this. But what difficulties would it fix? Will it deal with the social and cultural concern of readily accessible, fairly low cost foods? It is hardly likely to address the insistent marketing and advertising ploys of huge firms. Will it tackle why some of us are hugely geared to use foods and consuming as a reward, or the production and provision of overly huge portions? Will it quit meals or a huge latte getting consumed on the hoof? Stroll outdoors and note how clear and subliminal triggers connected to food and fluid surround us. We require to alter our culture as nicely.


These of us who have had surgical procedure realise that neither the surgical procedure nor weight reduction offers a easy solution. Surgery does not remedy diabetes, though it may possibly cause remission. Surgical procedure does not cure the practically assured osteoarthritis of people who are considerably obese.


When I stepped into the then practically unknown globe of excess weight reduction surgical treatment, I had the naive belief that fat loss surgery would be an easy, basic, swift and long term way to be thin. I would be asleep, and would wake up as a new man or woman who would rapidly shrink, both unable to eat or not wanting to eat.


It had taken me more than forty many years to turn out to be the shape and dimension I was, and there were numerous motives I had chosen to self-soothe or medicate employing foods. At the time I had no comprehending of the psychological, emotional, bodily and sensible approach that would comply with surgical treatment. I only wished to be thin – and two many years soon after my surgical treatment I had misplaced nine and a half stone.


Weight-reduction surgical treatment alterations your anatomy internally, but it can’t bypass previously learned behaviours. My weight was not the end result of becoming tied down and force-fed I chose to eat as a form of self-soothing, self-medicine and pleasure. I genuinely believed I did not consume massive quantities of foods and was resistant to accepting duty for how I cared for my physique or how I dealt with anxiety and wellbeing. I avoided workout, cooked and ate enormous enormous quantities and had little “me” time – when I was excess fat, I felt I wasn’t well worth my personal time.


To preserve or accomplish a healthy form and dimension, surgery has to be 1 of a selection of approaches, along with other people this kind of as yoga, pilates, counselling, private treatment, dietary assessment, treatment of allergy symptoms and healthcare problems. For me, the approach has mainly involved accepting responsibility for my overall health and wellbeing.


There are new factors to contend with when you alter size and shape. My skin became too massive for my frame and it was my accountability to decide on to whether do anything about it. The NHS may possibly be in a position to fund reconstructive plastic surgery following damage or congenital problems, but it is highly unlikely to fund redundant skin removal following bodyweight-reduction surgical procedure.


To make bariatric operations available to a lot more individuals, the NHS will have to alter. Even now, men and women who fall into the “agreed Wonderful criteria” are unable to accessibility the multi-disciplinary technique required for this surgical treatment to be profitable. There is not enough funding, also few appropriately qualified workers, psychology departments which are overstretched or simply unable to function one to a single for a lot more than a restricted number of sessions. Are we all ready to place our hands into our pockets and make substantially increased nationwide insurance payments?


More contentiously, any treatment method being integrated in a state-financed health method indicates difficult decisions. Do I stand prior to a thirty-yr-old soldier who has misplaced a limb and seeks funding for physio or a prosthesis? Does a tummy tuck come ahead of a skin graft for a kid who has suffered burns?


Thank goodness the proposal is at the moment a draft document, as it raises so several emotive factors. Do people have a “correct” to surgery? Has anybody costed prolonged-term aftercare for surgical individuals? The cost of related metabolic illness down the line? Re-operation, large-dependency bed use? The NHS must consider all these factors into account as well.


Medicare in the US is facing the same dilemma and forecasts that sort two diabetes and the resulting expenses will crush the technique, as predicted in the United kingdom. It has used fat-reduction surgical procedure far more broadly than Britain for many years. Has it really helped? It is well worth noting that I am still as most likely, if not far more very likely, to develop age-connected or weight problems-connected illness this kind of as variety 2 diabetes.


Would I do it again? It’s been a difficult journey but a revealing 1. Understanding how to be a man or woman in a “typical” body has been interesting. I have had counselling and therapeutic input. I have paid for every thing from commence to finish, and am so glad that I did it when I did.


As I walk the puppy four or 5 miles a day, it has taken me all these many years to get out of a fat-lady mind set. I can kayak, take pleasure in lifestyle and food much more than ever.


Paradoxically, obtaining not been diabetic when I had the surgery, I am probably pre-diabetic now. What would Good say about that predicament? I have no “appropriate” to be thin. I accept I may possibly regain some excess weight, and have, and only I can deal with that. There is no fairy godmother waving her magic scalpel for me – I have utilised that one up.




Bariatric surgical procedure is no cure-all for obesity I know, simply because I have had it | Sharon Bates

23 Haziran 2014 Pazartesi

The PIP chaos reveals the government"s contempt for disabled people | Sharon Brennan

Last yr, when I was waiting for a double lung transplant, my existence felt terrifyingly unpredictable. My lungs were failing, and it was challenging to cope emotionally, but a single factor that created factors slightly less difficult was the fast approach to secure disability residing allowance (DLA). This allowed me to make immediate decisions about getting carers to assist at home, getting the heating on far more, and taking taxis to appointments. It made a extremely hard time that tiny bit a lot more bearable.


Evaluate my encounter to that of Malcolm Graham, a 56-12 months-old from Romford. He was diagnosed with oesophageal cancer in September 2013 and applied for private independence payments (PIPs) on advice from Macmillan Cancer help and his nearby Citizens Suggestions. Pips are changing DLA and are supposed to assist individuals, regardless of whether in or out of work, to meet the added fees their disability triggers.


Graham says he has called the suitable department almost every single day in the eight months considering that he applied, and is nevertheless awaiting a last choice. Throughout that period he has endured 10 weeks of chemotherapy and a 10-hour operation in which big portions of his stomach and oesophagus were removed. He has had to rely on family and friends for monetary help, but is now in arrears on his electricity payments and has lately been visited by a debt recovery firm. With out the PIP mobility help he has utilized for, he is struggling to get out and about and says the wait has manufactured him feel ineffective and worthless. Following working for a lot more than 40 many years, he can not understand why the help he wants has been so far unattainable.


Graham is not alone in his wait for a selection. Last week, the public accounts committee report on the disastrous implementation of PIP however once more showed the cold-hearted contempt of the Division for Work and Pensions towards disabled folks. This has permitted us to be treated like guinea pigs, with an unwell-regarded and poorly trialed policy unleashed with tiny concern for the consequences.


PIPs had been at first trialed in the north of England in April 2013 just before currently being rolled out nationally just two months later on. In a very vital report on PIPs, published in February 2014, the Nationwide Audit Office mentioned this rush to implementation meant the DWP “did not allow ample time to test whether or not the assessment procedure could deal with big numbers of claims. As a result of this poor early operational efficiency, claimants face long and uncertain delays.”


By October 2013 only sixteen% of expected PIP choices had been created, partly because assessments by Atos and Capita, the private companies contracted by the government to approach these claims, have been only in a position to meet the anticipated 30 working-day turnaround of applications in 55% and 67% of situations respectively. The DWP had projected that 25% of assessments would avoid encounter-to-face consultations and be carried out solely on paper in actuality this figure is three%.


What is the result of this departmental failure? Terminally unwell folks, defined as those with less than 6 months to dwell, have waited for up to a month – 180% longer than expected – for a response as to regardless of whether they are entitled to government support in the final months of their lives. Beneath DLA the wait was 7 days. Ministers disingenuously protest that PIPs are a various benefit to DLA, when in fact the concepts for giving help to the terminally ill are the identical. What kind of government would make advantage changes that make terminally unwell people’s lives that bit harder anyway?


Mike Penning, minister for disabled individuals, protests that these delays have now been diminished to ten days, but there is no reply for those who are entitled to help but are not terminally ill. Last week’s report states that as a end result of delays of up to six months (despite the fact that charities have found that many candidates wait far longer), “some claimants have been forced to turn to meals banks, loans and charitable donations” although they wait for the rewards they are entitled to.


The DWP is lurching from 1 crisis to an additional, with genuine folks suffering genuine discomfort as a end result. David Cameron needs to urgently get to grips with what is taking place inside of that division. That procedure must start off these days, with a demand to Iain Duncan Smith that he publicly accepts accountability for the struggling that Graham, and the thousands of others like him, have gone through due to his department’s incompetence. Graham says he will get choked up just pondering about his predicament. He demands a determination – and an apology.



The PIP chaos reveals the government"s contempt for disabled people | Sharon Brennan

25 Nisan 2014 Cuma

Stephen Sutton has modified the guidelines on dealing with cancer | Sharon Brennan

Stephen Sutton, who has raised more than £2m for Teenage Cancer Trust

Stephen Sutton, who is terminally unwell with cancer. ‘For me, Stephen’s legacy will be to target on obtaining a much better high quality of life.’




As I create, Stephen Sutton is incorporating to the £2m he has presently raised for Teenage Cancer Believe in. What he has accomplished, even though living with incurable cancer at the age of 19, is impressive, but his perspective to it even far more striking.


As an individual who lives with cystic fibrosis (CF), an incurable, existence-limiting sickness, it is with fantastic aggravation that I see adverts such as the recent Cancer Research UK’s Race for Life, in which a personified cancer is advised “we’re coming to get you”. If bravery is to “show cancer who’s boss”, then it is tough not to conclude that people who have not been ready to do so just did not battle difficult ample.


Even though I greatly admire the challenging function these cancer charities do for those living with the issue, the language utilized around incurable illnesses saddens me. It really is pervasive all through society, not just in the third sector. It is unusual without a doubt to locate an write-up written about somebody whose cancer has gone into remission and not discover the phrase: “I have beaten cancer.”


I often see comparable phrases repeated inside the CF local community on social media, when the unhappy reality is that there is no recognized remedy for CF. So why say such factors? No doubt it assists some keep positive in the encounter of sickness, but I fret that other people secretly really feel trapped by the contemporary narrative that illness have to usually be a battle that 1 wins or loses – and men and women repeat these phrases in order to truly feel supported by those about them.


Final year was the toughest of my lifestyle, as I waited for and recovered from a double lung transplant. Nevertheless 1 of the worst facets was the loneliness that comes with gradually dying even though becoming surrounded by people who aren’t. The distance it triggers is immense without having the stress that society now creates in the expectation that we have to never give up.


Stephen has shifted this narrative. Whilst he chooses to use the language of fighting and battle, he also openly admits the seriousness of his issue. In an extraordinarily straight-forward but emotional blogpost in January final year, he mentioned: “I am facing a really uncertain, and most likely really restricted, long term. Initially all I ever needed to do was examine difficult and make a difference to the globe by becoming a medical professional. However, in light of my existing conditions I have determined to be more pragmatic with my time.”


This pragmatism is 1 that has opened up the alternatives he has provided himself in the life he has left to live, as confirmed by his bucket record. And it truly is a message that fills me with more positivity than any attempt would at keeping away from the reality of my health. I was amazingly fortunate to receive my transplant, but it came with a new nervousness more than my own daily life expectancy. Based on statistical averages I have about a 50% likelihood of residing yet another 5 years, although I know of men and women in the same situation who have survived for a lot longer and other folks for a lot less. The phenomenal amount of funds Stephen has raised will be transformational for the work the Teenage Cancer Trust can do, but for me personally, Stephen’s legacy will be various. Whilst the amount of many years I have ahead of me may possibly not be specifically what I want for, accepting this can deliver a concentrate on attaining a greater top quality of lifestyle. As Stephen wrote on 21 April: “I will not truly want to die, but hopefully my journey has influenced a great deal of individuals for the much better and taught folks not to consider life for granted.”


If, at 19 many years of age, Stephen can be brave enough to create about his impending death, then, as a society, we also need to recognise we aren’t showing weakness by speaking about the fact that critical illnesses can’t constantly be beaten. Stephen is proof that all our lives can make a good effect. Power and bravery comes from how you live, not from how prolonged you are alive.


• Stephen Sutton’s JustGiving page




Stephen Sutton has modified the guidelines on dealing with cancer | Sharon Brennan